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What is skin?
Skin is the largest organ on our body, made up of several different parts, including water, protein, lipids (fats), and different minerals and chemicals. Throughout your life, your skin will change, for better or worse. In fact, your skin regenerates itself approximately every 27 days. It's very important to treat your skin properly to maintain the health and vitality of this crucial organ.
This information serves as an overview only, and should not replace a professional's advice.
What does your skin demand every day?
During the hustle and bustle of your daily routines, it's easy to skip that glass of water or to skip cleaning. Over time, though, those bad habits can take a toll on your skin. Each day, you should be sure to provide your skin with:
- Plenty of water.
- Thorough cleansing, twice a day. At night, make sure you remove all your make-up and cleanse properly before going to bed.
- Balanced nutrition.
- Moisturizing. This is a necessary step even for those who have oily skin. There are plenty of moisturizers on the market that are oil-free.
- Sun protection, sun protection, sun protection. It is absolutely crucial to protect your skin from harmful UVA and UVB light rays. Sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) is recommended every day. This will help prevent sun damage, skin cancers, and wrinkles.
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Over the course of your life, you should pay attention to all parts of your skin. Familiarize yourself with it so that you'll notice any changes that might occur, such as different moles or patches that might need further attention.
What is the skin's structure?
Epidermis: The outer layer
The epidermis is the thinnest layer, but it's responsible for protecting you from the harsh environment, with 5 layers of its own. The epidermis also hosts different types of cells:
- Keratinocytes, which produce the protein known as keratin, the main component of the epidermis.
- Melanocytes, which produce your skin pigment, known as melanin.
- Langerhans cells, which prevent things from getting into your skin.
Dermis: The middle layer
The dermis is the layer that gives your skin its fullness and plumpness. Age and the sun can damage the dermis and lead to wrinkles.
The dermis is a complex combination of blood vessels, hair follicles, and sebaceous (oil) glands. Here, you'll find collagen and elastin, 2 proteins necessary for skin health because they offer support and elasticity (your skin's ability to go back to its original state after being stretched). Fibroblasts are the cells you'll find in this layer, because they synthesize collagen and elastin. This layer also contains pain and touch receptors.
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Hypodermis: The fatty layer
This layer is also known as the subcutis. It hosts sweat glands and fat and collagen cells, and is responsible for conserving your body's heat and protecting your vital inner organs. Reduction of tissue in this layer contributes to sagging skin.
What are the skin's proteins?
- Collagen: Collagen is the most plentiful protein in the skin, making up 75-80% of your skin. Collagen and elastin are responsible for warding off wrinkles and fine lines. Over time, the environment and aging reduce your body's ability to produce collagen.
- Elastin: Think elastic. Elastin is found with collagen in the dermis. It's another protein, responsible for giving structure to your skin and organs. As with collagen, elastin is affected by time and the elements. Lower levels of this protein cause your skin to wrinkle and sag.
- Keratin: Keratin is the main protein in your skin, and makes up hair, nails, and the surface layer of the skin. Keratin is what forms the rigidity of your skin and helps with the barrier protection that your skin offers.
Allergies, irritants, genetic makeup, certain diseases, and immune system problems can cause skin conditions. Cake maker mac os.
This layer is also known as the subcutis. It hosts sweat glands and fat and collagen cells, and is responsible for conserving your body's heat and protecting your vital inner organs. Reduction of tissue in this layer contributes to sagging skin.
What are the skin's proteins?
- Collagen: Collagen is the most plentiful protein in the skin, making up 75-80% of your skin. Collagen and elastin are responsible for warding off wrinkles and fine lines. Over time, the environment and aging reduce your body's ability to produce collagen.
- Elastin: Think elastic. Elastin is found with collagen in the dermis. It's another protein, responsible for giving structure to your skin and organs. As with collagen, elastin is affected by time and the elements. Lower levels of this protein cause your skin to wrinkle and sag.
- Keratin: Keratin is the main protein in your skin, and makes up hair, nails, and the surface layer of the skin. Keratin is what forms the rigidity of your skin and helps with the barrier protection that your skin offers.
Allergies, irritants, genetic makeup, certain diseases, and immune system problems can cause skin conditions. Cake maker mac os.
Acne
What is acne? It is caused when blocked skin follicles from a plug caused by oil from glands, bacteria, and dead cells clump together and swell.Alopecia Areata
What is alopecia areata? It is a condition that attacks your hair follicles (they make hair). In most cases, hair falls out in small, round patches.Atopic Dermatitis
What is atopic dermatitis? It is a skin disease causing much itchiness. Scratching leads to redness, swelling, cracking, weeping clear fluid, crusting, and scaling.Epidermolysis Bullosa
What is epidermolysis bullosa? It is a group of diseases causing painful blisters to form on the skin. These blisters can cause problems if they become infected.Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS)
Hidradenitis suppurativa (also known as acne inversa) is a chronic, noncontagious, inflammatory condition characterized by pimple-like bumps or boils and tunnels or tracts on and under the skin.Ichthyosis
What is ichthyosis? It is a disorder that causes dry, thickened skin that may look similar to fish scales.Lichen Sclerosus
What is lichen sclerosus? It causes white spots or patches on skin of the genital and anal areas, but can appear elsewhere. Itchiness, pain, and bleeding are common.Pachyonychia Congenita
What is pachyonychia congenita? It is a rare disorder causing thick nails and painful calluses on the bottoms of the feet and other symptoms.Pemphigus
What is pemphigus? It is a disease where the immune system attacks healthy cells in the top layer of skin, resulting in blisters.Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes red, scaly skin that may feel painful, swollen, or hot. Learn more about the types and what causes psoriasis.Raynaud's Phenomenon
What is Raynaud's phenomenon? It is a disease that affects blood vessels. It causes your body to not send enough blood to the hands and feet for a period of time.Rosacea
What is rosacea? It is a long-term disease that causes reddened skin and pimples, usually on the face. It can also make the skin thicker and cause eye problems.Scleroderma
Scleroderma causes patches of tight, hard skin, but can also harm your blood vessels and organs. Learn the causes and treatments of this skin disease.Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a disorder that causes patches of skin to become white. It happens because cells that make color in your skin are destroyed.Selected Research Areas
Dermatology Branch
The Dermatology Branch conducts both clinical and basic research studying the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of inflammatory and malignant diseases involving the skin and the host's response to these diseases.Laboratory of Skin Biology
Led by Dr. Maria I. Morasso, the lab studies processes of epidermal differentiation, skin barrier formation and wound healing.Scientific Publications
Calmodulin 4 is dispensable for epidermal barrier formation and wound healing in mice.
January 2015Epidermal Stem Cells in the Isthmus/Infundibulum Influence Hair Shaft Differentiation: Evidence from Targeted DLX3 Deletion
January 2015Increased retinoic acid levels through ablation of Cyp26b1 determine the processes of embryonic skin barrier formation and peridermal development
April 2012Skin Disease News
Molecule Identified as Potential Treatment Target for Worm Infections, Inflammatory Disorders
Ion Channel Found to Play Role in Itch Sensation
Two independent teams of investigators funded in part by the NIH's National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeleta
Two Drugs That Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis and Blood Cancers Shown to Promote Hair Growth
Stem Cell-Based Strategies Offer Personalized Approaches For Treating Inherited Skin Disease
Lol Skin
Two new studies funded in part by NIH's National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
New Insights Into How Psoriasis Arises and How It Heals
Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition characterized by itchy red patches and silvery scales, usually on the elbows, k
Skin Editor
Serotonin Drives Vicious Cycle of Itching and Scratching
Skin Minecraft
Scratching an itch brings short-lived relief but often makes the itching worse in the long-term.